Melasma and chloasma are common skin conditions characterized by brown, blotchy patches that typically appear on sun-exposed areas like the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. Though often used interchangeably, melasma generally refers to pigmentation in non-pregnant women, while chloasma is used when it occurs during pregnancy.
These forms of hyperpigmentation are more common in women–particularly those with darker skin types– and are strongly linked to hormonal shifts, especially during pregnancy, perimenopause, or while taking hormonal contraceptives.
What Causes Melasma?
While the exact cause isn’t fully understood, melasma is believed to result from a combination of:
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Hormonal fluctuations (e.g. pregnancy, birth control, perimenopause)
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Sun exposure, which activates pigment-producing cells
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Genetic predisposition
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Potential triggers like topical estrogen
Some studies show the benefits of using topical estradiol and estriol to improve skin quality. However, for patients prone to melasma, these treatments may worsen pigmentation. While the risk of melasma from topical estrogen is lower than systemic hormone therapy, it’s important to weigh the potential benefits and risks with your provider. Controlled dosing is key to minimizing systemic absorption and long-term risks.
Treatment Options for Melasma and Chloasma
Topical treatments remain a first-line approach for improving pigmentation. Dermatologist-recommended ingredients include hydroquinone, tretinoin, and azelaic acid, which can help to lighten the affected areas of skin and reduce the appearance of dark patches. Other topical treatments, such as kojic acid, tranexamic acid, alpha arbutin, and vitamin C, may also be effective in improving skin pigmentation.
For those needing additional support, oral tranexamic acid may be an option for select patients under medical supervision.
Personalized Care with Vidaderma
Because melasma is complex and often chronic, it’s essential to work with a board-certified dermatologist to build a treatment plan tailored to your skin’s needs. At Vidaderma, we offer professional-grade skincare products that support women through perimenopausal changes and postmenopausal treatment concerns.
